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Temporal sparsity in ice-shelf brine detection: a Sentinel-1-based risk assessment for Europa Clipper/REASON and JUICE/RIME
Europa Clipper’s REASON and JUICE’s RIME instruments will be the first ice-penetrating radars flown to an icy moon with subsurface brine detection as an explicit science objective, and both missions cite Antarctic ice-shelf radar-sounding studies as their primary terrestrial heritage. That heritage, however, rests entirely on sparse, single-epoch airborne surveys, leaving open a basic question:…
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ICESat-2 ATL13 v7 Water Surface Elevation Validation on Small High-Latitude Rivers, Scotland
The satellite laser altimeter can augment the very sparsely populated gauges of rivers. This study validated the water surface elevations of (NASA’s Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2) ICESat-2 ATL13 version 7 from 362 granules (2018-2025) using SEPA (Scottish Environment Protection Agency) stage records for River Dee and River Don, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. From the 1,340…
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Seven-Year Sentinel-1 C-Band SAR Time Series Reveals Brine Infiltration Signatures and Progressive Firn Densification Across Antarctic Ice Shelves
Antarctic ice shelf stability is sensitive to seawater infiltration in the firn layer, yet satellite confirmation of brine signatures remains limited at C-band frequencies. Cook et al. (2018) identified five ice shelves as the highest-priority candidates for brine infiltration. We present a seven-year (2019–2025) Sentinel-1 C-band SAR backscatter time series for all five sites in…
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SWOT Ka-Radar and ICESat-2 Altimetry Fusion for Satellite-Constrained Irrigation Water Balance: Evidence from the World’s Largest Gravity-Fed Scheme
We present a multi-satellite constrained water budget approach that combines SWOT Ka-radar altimeter and ICESat-2 ATL13 photon counting lidar measurements. The work presented here was conducted on the world’s largest gravity fed irrigation scheme located in Sudan which has an area of approximately 8,800 km². The SWOT River SP v2.0 product provided Blue Nile boundary…
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Physics-Informed Unsupervised Detection of Grounding-Line Hinges via SAR Interferometry: Implications for Ice Shelf Stability Assessment on the Fimbul Ice Shelf
Antarctic ice shelves are being affected in an increasing number of ways through warmer oceans. The increased warmth in the oceans causes a process known as basal melting, which increases the speed of movement of the ice sheet and decreases back stress on grounding lines. Therefore, it is important to understand what factors affect where…
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Multi-Sensor Fusion of Sentinel-2 Imagery and ICESat-2 Satellite Laser Bathymetry for Benthic Habitat Classification in Key Largo, Florida Keys
Abstract Accurate benthic habitat mapping is an important component of marine conservation. This study fuses freely available Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery and ICESat-2 ATL24 satellite laser bathymetry to classify five benthic habitat types — Coral/Algae, Seagrass, Sand, Rock, and Rubble — in Key Largo, Florida Keys, using a Random Forest classifier trained on 15,600 fusion points…
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